January is designated as National Thyroid Awareness Month, making it an ideal time to learn about this essential yet tiny gland vital for proper body function. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck, weighing between 20 and 60 grams. It plays a key role in regulating various body functions by continuously releasing a steady flow of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Responsibilities of the thyroid include controlling metabolism and supporting the growth and development of the body.
An important fact to note is that thyroid conditions are more common in women than in men. Statistically, one in eight women will develop a thyroid issue during their lifetime, and approximately 20 million Americans have a thyroid disorder. Despite this, about 60% of individuals with thyroid disease are unaware of their condition.
The thyroid can face issues that cause either increased or decreased activity, as well as structural problems like nodules, cysts, or cancer. Thyroid disorders may lead to serious health risks, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and infertility. Therefore, it’s important to consult your primary care physician if you have concerns related to your thyroid.
Hypothyroidism, which involves low or absent thyroid hormone, can cause subtle symptoms such as constipation, dry skin, depression, weight gain, and fatigue. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism, characterized by high thyroid hormone levels, can cause symptoms like a rapid heartbeat, more frequent bowel movements, insomnia, and anxiety.
Other thyroid issues include nodules, cysts, or cancer, which may present as neck lumps, voice changes, or swallowing difficulties. These structural problems are easy to evaluate, and a simple thyroid ultrasound can identify any lesions on the gland.
When should you have your thyroid function checked?
According to the American Thyroid Association, screening should start at age 35 and be repeated every five years. Higher-risk groups—such as women over 60, those with a family history of thyroid disease, autoimmune conditions, or pregnant women—should be screened earlier. Newborns are routinely tested for congenital hypothyroidism. If you experience symptoms mentioned earlier, talk to your doctor about a thyroid function test, starting with the TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test, which helps determine whether further tests or treatment are necessary. If you have a family history of thyroid issues or want more info, our dedicated specialists at the DHR Health Diabetes and Endocrinology Institute are here to provide you with caring guidance and effective treatment options for thyroid conditions, including thyroid cancer.
